Glossary
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Term |
Explanation |
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real Fotolumea mea software |
The real Fotolumea mea software is the software you use to choose, design, and order photo products. |
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16:9 |
A TV format introduced in the 90s also known as widescreen. Modern digital cameras which can display images directly on a TV support this aspect for photography |
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2:3 |
The traditional print aspect ratio. This 2:3 aspect ratio produces the typical 6x4” print size. |
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35 mm |
The most frequently used film in analogue photography. A 35 mm negative has a size of 24 x 36 mm and therefore a ratio of 2:3. |
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AIC |
Automatic image correction. AIC is a software in the digital photo lab that attempts to automatically correct exposure, white balance and focus errors in digital photos. |
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APS |
Advanced Photo System. A special camera technology and a special film that give photographers the ability to use three different aspects. |
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Arrow keys |
Keys on the computer keyboard with arrow icons for up, down, left and right.
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Aspect ratio |
The relationship between the height and width of a photo. Typically given as "2:3" (two to three) or "16:9" (sixteen to nine). The classic analogue 35 mm format has an aspect ratio of 2.3. Digital cameras normally produce images with an aspect ratio of 3:4, some also feature the 16:9 format as well as APS films (Advanced Photo System) which can also produce panorama formats with an aspect ratio of around 1:3. When editing photos with image processing programs it is possible to produce more exotic image formats by cropping the individual images.
The photos in the order are exposed on 2:3 format photographic papers; in the case of original formats other than 2:3 the images have a white border at the top and bottom, or on the right and left. |
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Automatic image correction |
See AIC. |
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Background |
The lowest level of a photo product which is filled with a colour, a pattern, or an image. |
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Barcode |
A barcode is a piece of printed information comprising lines and gaps which is machine-read using cameras or special barcode scanners and then translated to plain text by cash registers or computers. The barcode typically resolves to a sequence of numbers linked to a specific article. |
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Brightness |
Brightness refers to the subjective perception of light intensity, especially in a photograph. |
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Browser |
Refers to a user interface for Web applications. |
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Burning devices |
Refers to a CD or DVD writer on a computer. These are drives which use laser light to write optical media (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray). |
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Burning speed |
This refers to the burning speed supported by your CD burning device or your CD-R/CD-RW media. |
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Button |
In computing this refers to an area that can be clicked using the mouse. |
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Cache |
A cache is a fast memory area which temporarily stores a copy of some data for ongoing, or repeated, use to avoid the need to load the data again from the original source. |
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Canvas |
A canvas is a piece of white coated cloth mounted on a wooden frame which is typically used in painting. |
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Capacity bar |
Green indicates the percentage of images used, and red the percentage of images that will not be used. |
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CD-R |
Compact Disc Recordable. Refers to a write-once CD. |
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CD-RW |
Compact Disc Rewritable. Refers to a rewritable CD. |
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CD image |
A reproducible copy of a CD on another medium, such as a hard disk. |
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Clipart |
A clipart is an image file in vector format, i.e. it is not composed of individual pixels like a photo, but of mathematical descriptions of curves, lines, and geometric shapes.
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Clipboard |
A memory space used by the computer operating system or a computer program to cache data for later use. |
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Collage |
This was originally an art form in which cuttings from images and newspaper articles, or other objects, were glued on a background to form a work of art. Example of a collages:
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Colour intensity |
The colour intensity can be modified by means of digital image editing. To do so, the brightness of a preselected hue is changed. This can affect the image quality; the same rules that apply to brightness in general, however, restricted to a specific hue. (There is no such thing as redder than red.) |
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Community |
A community is a group with common interests, experience and knowledge, typically on the Internet today (online community). |
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Content |
In the real Fotolumea mea software, content refers to a pre-designed photo product (or part of it) to which users add their own data (photos, text). |
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Contrast |
The contrast is the difference between light and dark pixels. A high contrast image is typically considered more "brilliant" (vivid). |
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Copy (IT) |
A command for the operating systems clipboard. |
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Corner handle |
In IT/computer graphics, this refers to the handle at the corner of an object frame. You can hold down the mouse button to drag the handles and thus scale the object proportionally. (See arrows)
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Cover |
The cover of a photobook is formed by its outer pages (front and back)with the spine in the centre. The spine is the narrow section of the photobook which is visible when placed on a book shelf. |
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Crop |
A border is cut away around the photo. The border can be part of the photo itself. Example:
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Crop |
Cutting off part of an image to achieve a specific aspect, to emphasize an element at the center of the image, or to remove undesired parts of the image at the edge of the image. |
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Ctrl key |
"Control" key on the computer keyboard.
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Cursor |
The cursor marks the current editing position on screen. For text input, depending on the program or operating system you use, this is a flashing vertical I-bar, a flashing underscore, or a flashing square. The text cursor indicates the position the next letter you type will appear. A mouse cursor can be an arrow, a hand, an arrow with a question mark, etc. The computer mouse movements on the table are converted to mouse cursor movements on the screen. |
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Cut (IT) |
A command for the operating systems clipboard. Cut means that a file or object is removed from its current position and stored in the clipboard. |
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Poster collage |
In contrast to a "normal" poster, which is simply a large printed photo, the poster collage gives you additional design options. You can, for example, combine multiple images (collage), or add text. |
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Del key |
"Del" key on the computer keyboard for deleting selected items, or text to the right of the text cursor.
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Design |
A design is an artistic draft. In the real Fotolumea mea- software, a design is a pre-defined layout template to which you can add your own content (photos, texts). |
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Directory |
A directory is a structure for organising files on a hard disk. Also known as a folder. |
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Directory browser |
A program for navigating the directory tree. Referred to as the Explorer in Windows. |
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Directory tree
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A directory tree is a organisational structure on the hard disk in which the directories and subdirectories spread like the branches of a tree. |
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Double click |
Two clicks of the left computer mouse button in quick succession. (In the case of left handed computer mice, the right button.) |
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dpi |
Dots per inch. States the number of pixels per inch (=2.54 cm) in the output. A resolution of 72 to 96 dpi is sufficient for on screen display; the resolution for high quality prints can be up to 360 dpi. dpi is referred to as the relative resolution as it changes proportionally with the display size in contrast to the absolute resolution which specifies the total number of pixels in an image (e.g. 1024 x 768 px). |
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Drag (the mouse) |
Moving objects on screen by moving the computer mouse while holding down the mouse button. Select the object with the left mouse button (or with the right button if you are using a left-handed mouse), hold the mouse down and move the mouse. On the screen the object then follows the movement of the mouse on the table. Alternatively you can move it in small steps with the arrow keys on your keyboard. |
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Context menu |
A menu window that opens down to display the commands available for the selected object. |
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Duplicate |
An image or file that is available twice with the same (or almost the same) content. |
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Editor |
In IT this generally refers to a program for entering/composing and editing data or objects. |
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Esc key |
"Escape" key on the computer keyboard for quitting the computer command that is currently running.
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EXIF data |
"Exchangeable Image File Format", a standard used to store additional information (metadata) in an image file. The Exif data often includes the camera settings (make, type, focus, exposure time, shutter speed, etc.), and keywords for finding and sorting the image files along with additional information such as the geodata, or the copyright. |
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Explorer |
A software provided by the user interface for file and directory management. Also known as a file manager. |
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Exposure |
In photography, exposure relates to the amount of light that strikes a film or camera sensor. It depends on the exposure time and on the camera shutter setting, but also on the sensitivity of the film or sensor. |
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Firewall |
This is a hardware or software that controls (filters) the exchange of data between computers and networks, and attacks by viruses, Trojans and hackers. |
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Font |
A font is the graphical representation of a typeface.
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Font size |
The font size refers to the distance between the lower edge of a font (e.g. in "p") and the top edge of the font (e.g. capital letters), and is typically quoted in point (pt). |
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Font style |
The font style is the font mark-up: normal, bold, italics, bold italics. |
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Format |
This means: "To give something a shape". this relates to all objects where you can modify the "Format", e.g. the position or size of an object, or a font in the case of text. |
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Gamma value |
In the case of the gamma value, the mean colour brightness curve is manipulated. The advantage is that it does not change the darkest and lightest pixels. However, the brightness values between them are shifted, making the lighter or darker. This is not a linear process, but a curve that flattens at both ends of the brightness curve, that is, the brightness values in the middle of the brightness curve are shifted more than the values at the end of the brightness scale. |
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Geodata |
Geodata refers to the positional data on the earth such as the longitude and latitude. |
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Greyscales |
This is the equivalent of a black and white image in photography. |
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Grid |
A pattern of lines displayed to help the user position objects in the photo editor. Objects snap to the grid intersections. |
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Grouping |
Organising of files in groups by date of creation, or similarity of image content (colour values, colour distribution). |
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Hue |
In the photo viewer image editing software, this is an adjustable value that defines the colour to apply to a photo. A second slider lets you set the intensity of the applied hue. |
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Icon (IT) |
In computing, an icon is a symbol or a simplified graphical representation as a button that triggers an action or command.
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Image format |
1. The size and/or resolution of an image. 2. The file format in which the image was stored, e.g. JPG. |
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Mask |
In the real Fotolumea mea software, a mask is a greyscale image, also known as a image masks, which defines the transparency of an image. |
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ISO image |
A reproducible copy of a CD in ISO-9660 format on another medium, such as a hard disk. ISO 9660 is standard CD format which many burning programs support. |
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JPG |
Is a file format which is particularly suited to photos and capable of displaying over 16 million colours. |
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Keywords |
Keywords (under "Info" in the photo viewer) add generic terms as keywords to a document (e.g. an image file): later on you can search for and sort by these terms (in your operating system's Explorer). In the Windows photo gallery, keywords are referred to as "Selections". |
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Layout |
When designing printed products (newspapers, brochures, posters, etc.) the traditional technique was to cut out texts and images on a background (e.g. a blank newspaper page), in order to decide how to arrange these elements in printing. |
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Layout frame |
A placeholder in the layout into which a photo is inserted. |
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Layout template |
A pre-defined arrangement of layout frames and text windows which can be re-used multiple times. |
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Message window |
A message window appears when the software wants to draw your attention to something. You typically need to press a button to acknowledge the message or click it away. |
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Move |
This refers to moving and object using the computer mouse. |
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Multicolour background |
Special backgrounds available in 36 colours/scales in the real Fotolumea mea software which can be inserted into a layout. |
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Object |
In philosophy, an object is an entity that is acted upon. |
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Operating system |
An operating system is the software that makes a computer accessible to users. It controls the hardware (hard disks, display, keyboard and mouse) and manages other software and data. Examples: Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, MacOS. |
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Options |
Options are settings that define how the software should perform a certain action. Options are set via drop-down lists, radio buttons and checkboxes. Examples:
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Order |
This refers to the order in which objects are superimposed in a layout. |
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Original format |
This refers to the aspect of your original photo. |
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Paragraph (Text) |
A paragraph is an area of text between two manual line breaks (made by pressing the Enter key). |
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Paragraph format |
A paragraph format is a text format that relates to a whole paragraph. This particularly includes the text alignment (left, right, centered). |
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Paste (IT) |
A command for the operating system's clipboard. |
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Photo community |
A community of people on the Internet who share a hobby such as "Photography" or "Image editing". |
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Photo gift |
Specific photo products that are useful as presets: drinkware (mugs, tankards, glass mugs), saving boxes, greetings cards, wall and desk calendars, diaries, textiles (T-shirts, baby bibs, aprons, cushions), bags, mouse pads, puzzles, playing cards, cuddly toys, key rings and decoration articles. |
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Pick up from local branch |
This means that you can hand in your photo order to a dealer (or to your dealer's local branch). It is collected there along with other photo orders and goes to production. |
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Pixel |
A pixel is a single dot in an image; the smallest unit in a digital photo. |
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Premium photo |
This is a print on high quality photo paper. |
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Preview image |
A thumbnail of an image or another file (e.g. the pages in a photo book). |
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Print (photo) |
This is a term from analogue photo development and refers to the results of contact copying, enlargement or exposure of a negative on photo paper. |
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Product |
In the real Fotolumea mea software, a product is a ready-to-order, compiled photo article. |
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Proxy |
A proxy links various networks, e.g. a company network and the Internet. |
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Quality indicator display |
The quality indicator indicates whether the resolution of a photo at the required size is sufficient to ensure good image quality when exposed or printed. |
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Red-eye |
The "red-eye effect" occurs in flash photography. The flash is reflected on the subject's (an animal's or human's) retina and makes the inside of the eye show red. |
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Redo |
In the editor, this restores the state that existed prior to the previous undo action. |
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Resolution (digital photo) |
A digital photo comprises individual pixels. The number of pixels is referred to as the absolute resolution. The higher the resolution, the more granular the details are at a larger scale, and the size of the image file on disk. The quality display indicates whether the resolution of a photo at the size used in the real Fotolumea mea software is sufficient for printing. This refers to the relative resolution, that is, to the pixel density during output. See "dpi". |
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Rotate |
In the real Fotolumea mea software rotating an object (layout frame, image, text field) in the product editor, either in 90° steps via corresponding buttons or drop-down menu commands, or free rotation by holding down the mouse button and dragging the frame around its rotation point. |
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Rotation handle |
In IT/computer graphics, this is a handle that lets the user rotate an object around its midpoint. (See arrow)
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Saturation |
Refers to the intensity of the colour in a photo. |
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Scale |
Change the size of an object. |
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Scroll bar |
Scroll bars appear at the side or bottom edge of the program window, if the content does not fit into the program window due to, say, the high zoom factor. |
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Select |
Selecting means marking an object to which the subsequent commands are applied. |
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Selection field |
Also known as a drop-down list. An example is shown here:
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Selection frame |
A frame drawn by dragging the mouse to select objects. The frame here was drawn from bottom right to top left (see the mouse pointer).
All objects that are at least partly in the selection frame are selected. |
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Sepia |
Sepia is originally a natural reddish, brown dye made from squid ink; it was used in ancient times for ink drawings, or as ink for writing. |
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Shift keys |
Keys on the computer keyboard. Typically used to type upper case letters, or to access a second set of key assignments.
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Shopping basket |
The shopping basket in a shop system collects and lists the products which you can order online or on a CD. The name is explained by the fact that you can deposit the products you want to order here just like in a real shopping basket. The shopping basket is typically represented by a shopping basket icon. After filling your shopping basket, you can proceed to order. |
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Side handles |
These are the tags at the midpoint of the borders of a layout frame which you can click and drag with the mouse. Doing so changes the height or width of a frame.
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Slider |
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Smiley |
The "smiley" is a very popular, iconic, graphical representation of a smiling face. Has enjoyed cult status since the 70s. Also known as an emoticon.
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Sort by colour |
Sort by colour in the real Fotolumea mea software reads the colour values of the images in a directory, compares the ascertained values with each other and groups the images with similar colours. |
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Source code |
For websites, the HTML text display including instructions for rendering in the Web browser (commands and attributes). |
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Standard photo |
This is a print on normal photo paper. |
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Storyboard |
A storyboard is a graphical sequence of individual views of a media product, like the settings for a movie script, for example. |
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Sub-directory |
This is a directory within another directory (within another directory ...). Also known as a sub-folder. |
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Tab |
This term refers to the sub-headings in a program window which can be organised horizontally at the top or vertically at one side of the program window (see below).
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Text box |
This is a frame in which you can enter, align and format text. |
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Text cursor |
A text cursor marks the insertion point in a text (editor). This is where new text that is written appears. |
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Thumbnail |
Thumbnails are miniature views of normal sized photos, layouts, documents, etc. Also referred to as a preview or miniature image. |
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Toolbar |
The area of a software's user interface in which buttons with commands for creating or editing objects are grouped. Also known as a toolbox. |
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Tooltip |
A small text window that pops up when you hover the mouse over an icon. Gives a short plain text explanation of the function of the icon. |
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Traditional image format |
The traditional aspect of an analogue photo is 2:3 (two to three). |
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Undo |
In the editor, this restores the state prior to the previous action. It undoes the previous action. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Update |
Install a new version of a software or specific data (e.g. price lists). Settings that existed previously are typically kept. The new version is often downloaded from the Internet. |
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User account |
Users require accounts to access IT systems. The user is required to log in using an ID (often their email address) and a password, and is then given specific rights on an IT system. The user account typically stores additional information on the user, e.g. their name and address, to avoid the need to re-enter this information for each order. |
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Vector graphic |
A vector graphic is a computer graphic that does not comprise individual pixels but is made up of simple geometric shapes such as circles, squares, polygons, arcs and curves. |
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Voucher |
Vouchers are distributed in the course of advertising or as special low price offers. |
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White balance |
White balance in photography refers to the act of adjusting the colours to match the colour of the light at the location where the photo was taken to achieve as natural a look as possible. |
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White gap |
A term used in printing. |
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Wizard / Assistant (IT) |
A wizard or assistant is a program that guides the user through specific steps. |
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Zoom (IT) |
Enlarge or reduce the size of the screen content. |
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Convert |
To convert means to change the condition of an object. For example, an image file in TIFF format (file extension .tif) can be converted to JPEG format (file extension .jpg) or a text can be converted from the font "Arial" to a different font, or a small photo book can be converted to a large photo book and vice versa.. |
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Image mask |
An image mask or photo mount was originally a piece of paper or cardboard framing the picture inside the actual picture frame. It is used if the picture is smaller than the frame or to give the picture a special shape, e.g. round or oval (in a square frame). In the real Fotolumea mea software an image mask is a digital template which makes part of the image transparent, e.g. the overlayer part of an oval shape. |
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PictureLive-DVD |
A video DVD with a slide show of static photos. |
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Tab |
This term is taken from the field of office organisation, which uses index cards and hanging folders with marked plastic or metal clips. The index cards are simulated on computer user interfaces and the protruding buttons, the tabs, are provided for fast navigation in a program window (see below).
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Automatic image correction |
Refer to AIC. |
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